If drug users can't buy drugs from informed sellers, they'll get them from uninformed sellers and remain uninformed too. Drug use and sale should require permits which can be retracted if risk has been caused to others, but most drugs would almost never be used if the users were informed of all the risks, except in cases where those risks can be managed when informed how. However, there are three classes of drugs with particular therapeutic potential, and whether their potential is worth the risk depends on the severity of the disorder being treated:
PSILOCYBIN:
KETAMINE:
MDMA:
* contraindicated with increased intracranial / intraocular pressurePSILOCYBIN:
TREATMENT
| |
---|---|
anxiety 1 | |
RISK (LOW) | MANAGEMENT |
anxiety 1 | low dosage 1 |
KETAMINE:
TREATMENT
| |
---|---|
depression 2 | |
RISK (MEDIUM) | MANAGEMENT |
brain damage 3 | psychedelics 3 (before) |
MDMA:
TREATMENT
| |
---|---|
trauma 4 | |
RISK (VERY HIGH) | MANAGEMENT |
blood brain barrier dysruption 10 | doxycyclin 11 (after) * caffeine 24 (after) ** |
neuroinflammation 15 | doxycyclin 11 (after) |
hyperthermia 5 | memantine 6 (before) |
neurotoxicity 7 | memantine 7 (before) |
cerebral edema 20 | ginkgo 23 |
reduced cerebral blood flow 21 | ginkgo 22 |
neural vasospasm 16 | ginkgo 17 |
oxidative stress 14 | vitamin C 14 (before) |
serotonin depletion 18 | vitamin C 18 (before) |
hyponatremia 8 | low water input 9 |
migraines 12 | tryptophan 13 (after) |
disseminated intravenous coagulation 19 | |
** contraindicated with vasospasm
Sources:
1 Catlow BJ: Effects of psilocybin on hippocampal neurogenesis and extinction of trace fear conditioning.
2 Cambridge University: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials of ketamine in the rapid treatment of major depressive episodes
3 Nature, Nuri Farber et al.: Serotonergic Agents That Activate 5HT2A Receptors [such as LSD] Prevent NMDA Antagonist Neurotoxicity
4 Journal of Psychoactive Drugs: A Clinical Plan for MDMA (Ecstasy) in the Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): Partnering with the FDA
5 Medical News Today: Moderate doses of MDMA 'fatal in warm environments'
6 University of Valencia: Involvement of NMDA glutamate receptors in the acquisition and reinstatement of the conditioned place preference induced by MDMA
7 Chipana C. et al: Memantine protects against amphetamine derivatives-induced neurotoxic damage in rodents
8 Garland A. Campbell et al.: The Agony of Ecstasy9 Brvar M. et al: Polydipsia as another mechanism of hyponatremia after 'ecstasy' (3,4 methyldioxymethamphetamine) ingestion.
10 Rubio-Araiz A: (MDMA, ecstasy) disrupts blood-brain barrier integrity through a mechanism involving P2X7 receptors.
11 Jonathan S Alexander et al.: Venous endothelial injury in central nervous system diseases
12 Linda Changa: Effect of ecstasy [3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)] on cerebral blood flow: a co-registered SPECT and MRI study
13 Federigo Sicuteri: The ingestion of serotonin precursors (L-5-hydroxytryptophan and L-tryptophan improves migraine headaches)
14 Mahalakshmi Shankaran et al: Ascorbic acid prevents 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-induced hydroxyl radical formation and the behavioral and neurochemical consequences of the depletion of brain 5-HT
15 Increased interleukin-1β levels following low dose MDMA induces tolerance against the 5-HT neurotoxicity produced by challenge MDMA.
16 C. D. Muntan: Cerebrovascular accident following MDMA ingestion
17 Ameneh Mashayekh et al.: Effects of Ginkgo biloba on cerebral blood flow assessed by quantitative MR perfusion imaging: a pilot study16 C. D. Muntan: Cerebrovascular accident following MDMA ingestion
18 Mahalakshmi Shankaran et al.: Ascorbic acid prevents 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-induced hydroxyl radical formation and the behavioral and neurochemical consequences of the depletion of brain 5-HT
19 J.A. Henry et al.: Toxicity and deaths from 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine ("ecstasy")
20 Sharma et Ali: Acute administration of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine induces profound hyperthermia, blood-brain barrier disruption, brain edema formation, and cell injury
21 Linda Changa et al.: Effect of ecstasy [3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)] on cerebral blood flow: a co-registered SPECT and MRI study
22 Sun BL et al.: Effects of extract of ginkgo biloba on intracranial pressure, cerebral perfusion pressure, and cerebral blood flow in a rat model of subarachnoid haemorrhage.
23 M. Otani: Effect of an extract of Ginkgo biloba on triethyltin-induced cerebral edema
24 Chen et al.: Caffeine protects against disruptions of the blood-brain barrier in animal models of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease
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